Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States for men and women. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), the risk of heart disease is even higher among African Americans. February is National Heart Month, an ideal time to think about how to reduce your own risk, says Memorial Hermann-affiliated cardiologist Kevin Oguayo, MD, who shares these tips to improve heart health.
Dr. Oguayo reminds his patients that heart disease can sneak up on you.
“My patients might tell me, ‘I’m still young, I lead a healthy lifestyle and I don’t feel anything wrong,’” he says. “Your body quietly shows you warning signs, but if you don’t know to look for them, you might miss them.”
– Dr. Oguayo, MD
Subtle symptoms may start off with trouble breathing while exercising, swelling of lower legs and feet, or being uncomfortable while sleeping when lying flat. Other warning signs may include fatigue, coughing and irregular heart rhythms such as palpitations, or chest, arm or jaw pain. You also could feel dizzy or start forgetting things.
Know your risk factors
Dr. Oguayo says the following things can put you at risk for heart disease:
High blood pressure or hypertension: It can damage your heart before you notice any symptoms. That’s why it’s often called the “silent killer.” Not only is high blood pressure more prevalent among Blacks, it tends to develop at a younger age according to the AHA. Check and record readings, aiming for 120/80.Your doctor can prescribe medication and lifestyle changes to help manage it.
Obesity: Work with your doctor on a weight control plan that includes reducing processed, high-calorie and sugary foods. Eat more fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low fat dairy, lean proteins and low sodium to reduce risk.
Diabetes: African Americans also are at higher risk of developing diabetes than other groups. Your doctor can prescribe steps to help manage your blood sugar.
Lack of exercise: Exercise can help control high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. The AHA recommends 150 minutes of moderately vigorous exercise per week.
Smoking: Speak with your doctor for help quitting.
High cholesterol: High LDL or “bad” cholesterol can lead to cardiovascular diseases, such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Not enough HDL, or “good” cholesterol, also puts you at risk. Your doctor can prescribe medications and diet changes.
Genetics and family history: Knowing your family history and signing up for Memorial Hermann’s free genetic testing program at genoME® | Memorial Hermann could provide important information about your health and how to protect it.
Get started today
Dr. Oguayo recommends taking these steps to improve your heart health.
Find the right care partner: “Start by forming a relationship with a primary care physician who can equip you with the right tools and advice,” says Dr. Oguayo. “They may decide to refer you to a heart specialist.”
Take notes: Keep track of any symptoms and when they occur. Share that information with your doctor.
Ask questions: “When I prescribe a medication for my patients, they should know how it works and when to reach out if changes need to be made,” he says.
Get moving: “I encourage my patients to move throughout the day instead of sitting for long periods,” he says. “The Greater Houston area provides local parks, walking trails and outdoor exercise facilities to benefit our local community.”
Click here to learn about Memorial Hermann’s free exercise programs.
“When a family member commits to a heart-healthy lifestyle,” says Dr. Oguayo. “It’s a perfect time to bring other family members and friends on board, too!”
