Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are a major concern for young people in Houston, with those aged 15 to 24 accounting for nearly half of all new cases each year. According to the Houston Health Department, many teens and young adults lack crucial information about STIs, putting them at risk for serious health complications.
What are STIs and how do they spread?
STIs are infections passed from person to person through vaginal, anal or oral sex. Bacteria, viruses or parasites can cause them. Importantly, some STIs, like HPV and herpes, can spread through skin-to-skin contact in the genital area, even without intercourse.
Who can get an STI?
Regardless of sexual orientation, age, race or gender, anyone who is sexually active is at risk for contracting an STI. Unfortunately, many STIs have no immediate symptoms, so a person can be infected without even knowing it.
What’s the danger of untreated STIs?
Left untreated, STIs can cause significant health problems, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy (a fertilized egg growing outside the uterus), and even certain cancers. Additionally, having an STI can increase your risk of contracting HIV.
What prevention and treatment options exist?
The only guaranteed way to prevent STIs is to abstain from oral, anal or vaginal sex. However, for those who choose to be sexually active, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk significantly:
Condoms : Internal or external condoms, used correctly every time you have sex, offer substantial protection against STIs.
PrEP : Pre-exposure prophylaxis is a medication that can significantly reduce the risk of contracting HIV. Talk to your doctor to see if PrEP is right for you.
Dental Dams : These thin latex squares placed over the genitals or anus during oral sex can help prevent the spread of STIs.
Many clinics in Houston offer free and confidential STI testing. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing long-term health problems.
Talking to a trusted adult, such as a parent, teacher, counselor or doctor about STIs might feel uncomfortable, but it’s essential. Open communication allows you to learn more about protecting yourself and your partner from unwanted pregnancy and STIs.
By getting informed about STIs, practicing safe sex and seeking testing when needed, Houston teens and young adults can take control of their sexual health and avoid the serious consequences of STIs.
The Houston Health Department provides information on STIs, including testing locations and prevention tips. Visit their website at or call their hotline at 832-393-4220 for more information.